On September 11, the State Council Information Office held a regular briefing on the State Council’s policies to help win the blue sky defense war with science and technology.
A reporter asked at the meeting, through research on key projects, what are the main causes of air pollution in the autumn and winter in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas?
Zhao Yingmin, deputy minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that, to sum up, four factors have worked together to cause the occurrence of severely polluted weather in the region:
First, the discharge of pollutants exceeds 50% of the environmental capacity, which is the root cause of frequent heavy pollution.
The second is the high concentration of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, resulting in increased atmospheric oxidation, which is a key factor in the rapid increase of secondary PM2.5 during heavy pollution.
Third, unfavorable weather conditions have led to a significant reduction in regional environmental capacity, which is a necessary condition for the formation of heavy pollution weather.
Fourth, regional transmission has a significant impact on PM2.5. The average contribution rate of each city is about 20%-30%, and it further increases to 35%-50% during heavy pollution.
Zhao Yingmin said that these four reasons are superimposed on each other, resulting in the occurrence of heavy pollution in the region in autumn and winter. More governance is to focus on man-made emissions and greatly reduce pollutant emissions, so that even if extreme adverse weather conditions are encountered, heavy pollution will not occur again.
Zhao Yingmin said that the cause and treatment of heavy air pollution have been organized through a combination of centralized research and station tracking research. After three years of hard work, a large number of important scientific and technological breakthroughs and research results have been achieved. There are six main aspects:
First, through large-scale scientific observations and experimental studies, and adopting a multi-technology integration method, from the four aspects of pollutant emission, chemical transformation, meteorological conditions, and pollution transmission, the causes and sources of regional heavy air pollution have been clarified and formed Broad scientific consensus.
The second is to build the country's largest air-space-earth comprehensive three-dimensional observation network and data sharing platform, establish a complete regional PM2.5 comprehensive source analysis method system, and form a refined and quantitative dynamic analysis capability for heavy pollution processes.
The third is to establish a regional and urban high-temporal-resolution emission inventory, find out the current status of regional pollutant emissions, the characteristics of major air pollutant emissions and the rules of temporal and spatial changes, and accurately identify regional "2+26" cities and key industries. Key issues have formed a technical system for identifying and accurately managing key issues in key industries and cities.
The fourth is to establish a "prediction and forecast-consultation analysis-early warning and emergency response-follow-up evaluation" the entire process of heavy pollution weather response technology system, put forward a differentiated emergency management and control technology plan, fully support regional emergency linkage and differentiated management and control, and strongly support emergency reduction Maximize the efficiency of drainage.
Fifth, an algorithm for regional atmospheric environmental capacity constrained by the target concentration of PM2.5 has been established, a scientific decision-making technical support platform for air pollution prevention and control has been developed, and regional mid- and long-term air pollution prevention and control policies have been proposed.
Sixth, a comprehensive application of multiple technologies and data analysis methods has quantitatively evaluated the health effects of air particulate pollution and the health benefits of pollution prevention measures.
Regarding how the air pollution tackling actions in this autumn and winter are different from previous years, and whether enterprises will be required to carry out staggered production, Zhao Yingmin responded that economic and social recovery after the epidemic is both a challenge and an opportunity. We should firmly follow the path of high-quality development, implement new development concepts, and promote high-quality economic development through high-level protection of the ecological environment.
He said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will implement precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and pollution control in accordance with the law, adhere to the core of reducing heavy pollution from the people, and continue to promote the comprehensive control of air pollution in key areas in autumn and winter. The implementation of the various tasks and measures of the blue sky defense war that have been issued will consolidate the results of air quality improvement that have been achieved, and do not engage in layer-by-layer overweighting, and implement departmental and local responsibilities.
